5** 化學知識 (高程度) + DSE 伏位破解

 課題選擇      1       2A       2B       3A      3B       3C, 4     TOP 

(課題陸續更新)

化學分類

離子、指示劑顏色表

沉澱物表

常犯錯誤

Chem TV

  1      Planet Earth and The Microscopic World and Metal (微觀世界+金屬)

  4   The most abundant element in the world is oxygen and the most abundant metal in the world is aluminium

地球上最豐富的元素是氧，最豐富的金屬是鋁

  3   The chemical nature of lime water is Ca(OH)₂

石灰水的化學本質是Ca(OH)₂

  2   Flame test is not a test for metal but metal ion. For example, golden yellow flame can be observed when NaCl is burning. When sodium is burning, metal Na turn to Na₂O and Na⁺ in Na₂O give golden yellow color

焰色測試是測試金屬離子而不是金屬，例如燃燒 NaCl，可以看見金黃色火焰。燃燒Na 時，金屬Na 轉為Na₂O，Na₂O裡的Na⁺ 把火焰轉為黃色

  1   The "molar mass" of air is around 29 g mol^-1 which can be obtain by following formula

molar mass of air = N₂ x 78% + O₂ x 21% = 28.56 g mol^-1

If the molar mass of a gas is smaller than air, it density is lower than air and we should use an suitable method to collect the gas.

空氣的「摩爾質量數」大約是 29 g mol^-1，是這樣計算出來的

空氣的「摩爾質量數」     =    N₂ x 78% + O₂ x 21%

=    28.56 g mol^-1

如果某種氣體的摩爾質量數比空氣細，它的密度比空氣低，知道這點有助我們選取適合的氣體收集方法。

(Others coming soon =) )

  2A       Acid and Base (酸和鹽基)  

  5    入考場之前一定要識背既ppt表

  4   Concentrated H₂SO₄ is corrosive since it will dehydrate our skin and damage our skin by oxidation.

濃H₂SO₄是腐食性的，因為它會把我們的皮膚脫水，而它的氧化性會破壞我們的皮膚。

(1997 Q39)

  3   Strength of acid depend on its degree of dissociation into ion but not its concentration.

酸的強度取決於它離解生成氫離子的能力，而非濃度

(1996 Q49)

  2   All the oxide, hydroxide, carbonate are insoluble except group I element such as

Na₂O, K₂O, Li₂O as well as NH₄⁺

所有氧化物、氫氧化物、碳酸化物都是不溶於水，除了第一族的金屬元素離子和銨離子外。

例如Na₂O, K₂O, Li₂O 和 NH₄⁺

  1   HNO3 has rather low boiling point around 90℃. So HNO₃ is volatile.

Also nitric acid react with metal by redox reaction but not typical acid reaction. 

2HNO₃ + 2H+ + Zn → NO₂ + H₂O + Zn²⁺

As you can see from the equation, NO2 instead of H₂ is produced in the reaction.

HNO₃ 的沸點大約在90℃，所以它是揮發性的。HNO₃也會和金屬反應，不過是氧化還原反應，而非一般酸和金屬的反應。從上面的方程式可見，NO₂ 在反應中產生了，而非H₂

(Others coming soon =) )

  2B      Redox  (氧化還原)  

        (Others coming soon =) )

  3A      Fossil Fuels and Carbon Compunds (化石燃料和碳化合物)

  4   Warm house gas include CO₂, CH₄, CCl₂F₂, NO and O₃.

温室氣體有CO₂, CH₄, CCl₂F₂, NO and O₃.

  3   Polystyrene is a packing material

聚苯乙烯是一種包裝物料
(98Q36)

36. Which statements concerning polystyrene is/are correct? (1) It is a condensation polymer. (2) It can be remoulded. (3) It can be used to make packaging material for electrical appliances. A.   (1) only. B.    (2) only. C.   (1) and (3) only D.   (2) and (3) only                                                                        ANS(highlight to see): D

 2  Leaded petrol is being banned in Hong Kong

含鉛汽油在香港是被禁止的

  (98Q47)

1998          47.         statement 1 The use of leaded petrol has been banned in Hong Kong statement 2 Lead compounds in car exhaust can cause damage to human brains.                                                                                ANS(highlight to see): B

 1  Hard water is a water containing Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺. They will form ppt with anion of detergent.

硬水含有Ca²⁺，Mg²⁺。它們與洗滌劑的陰離子反應產物沉澱物。

29. Which of the following substances is/are responsible for the hardness of water? (1) Sodium chloride. (2) Calcium chloride. (3) Potassium chloride. (4) Magnesium chloride. A.   (1) only. B.    (2) only. C.   (1) and (3) only D.   (2) and (4) only                                                            ANS(highlight to see): D

        (Others coming soon =) )

  3B      Organic Chemistry (有機化學)

  1   教你分Enantiomer / identical  學識以後100% 對

(Others coming soon =) )

  3C  4      Energy,     Rate,     Equilibrium  (能量和平衡)

  6   EEquilibrium       (PP Q26)

               Pressure ↑

               ↳ Shift to the side to ↓ pressure

                  E.g        2 A(g) → B(g)                             A → 3B

                                 Shift to B                                  Shift to A

                                                                                                                          

  5    SPQ29

A → B       ∆H = +100 kJ mol-1  If temperature decrease, what would be the effect on the rates of the forward and backward reactions?      forward reaction rate      backward reaction rate A.    decreases                          increases B.    decreases                          no change C.    decreases                          decreases D.    increases                          decreases                ANS(highlight to see): C

                Explanation:      

➤ T ↓, Kc also ↓ for endothermic reaction.

➤ Kc ↓ just mean the rate of forward reaction > backward,

➤ But not mean rate of forward reaction ↑, backward ↓

                     

  4       SPQ33

S2O32-(aq)  +  2H+(aq)  →   SO2(g)  +  S(s)  +  H2O(l) Which of the following apparatus should be used when carrying out the above experiment? (1) syringe  (2) stop watch  (3) measuring cylinder A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)                                    ANS(highlight to see): C

               Explanation:   

➤ Syringe does not work although SO2 is produced. Because SO2 is soluble in water. Thus gas collection only work for which is not soluble in water.

              

  3       Colourimeter

               ➤ Absorbance means the amount of light absorbed by solution.

  2       Catalyst

                   C

       2∆ → ∆-∆     C = catalyst

         Step 1                           ∆ + C     →      ∆-- C

  Step 2           ∆-- C + ∆-- C       →       2 ∆--∆ + 2C

      formation of ∆-- C has lower activation energy than ∆--∆ directly.

  1       Solubility

The compound with low bond breaking energy always has higher solubility.

l   weaker bond, higher solubility.

(Others coming soon =) )